On July 9, 2024, McGuireWoods partners Brett Barnett, Mindy Sauter, Mike Elliott, and Michael Podberesky conducted a solution-oriented discussion of key enforcement and compliance developments that impact private equity (“PE”) funds in healthcare. They also highlighted relevant cases regarding the government’s increased interest in compliance diligence in the PE space.
Federal District Court Finds Private-Insurer Relator Can Proceed with False Claims Action
Last month, the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey held that a private company, Allstate Insurance Company, could proceed with its whistleblower action against a clinical laboratory, Phoenix Toxicology and Lab Services, LLC, which allegedly submitted false claims to the federal government for medically unnecessary urine drug tests (“UDT”). See generally United States ex rel. Allstate Ins. Co. v. Phoenix Toxicology & Lab Servs., LLC, No. CV 22-6303, 2024 WL 2785396 (D.N.J. May 30, 2024). This lawsuit is part of a growing trend of non-traditional, whistleblower-like insurance companies, activists, investors, special purpose entities created just to file litigation (sometimes created by attorneys or litigation-funding groups) and others to file False Claims Act (“FCA”) actions, which have traditionally been brought by former or current employees of the target entities.
CMS Again Settles Record Stark Self-Disclosures in 2023
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) recently released data on its 2023 settlements of voluntary self-disclosures related to past violations or potential violations of the physician self-referral law (the Stark Law). In 2023, CMS settled an agency record 176 self-disclosures, with settlement amounts totaling over $12,000,000 in the aggregate. Both totals exceeded its prior records, set the prior year, when CMS settled 103 self-disclosures with settlement amounts totaling over $9,000,000 in the aggregate as we reported last fall.
OIG Plans New Guidance for Medicare Advantage and Nursing Homes
On Feb. 21, the Office of Inspector General of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services announced the first four subsectors for which it will publish industry segment-specific compliance program guidance. Guidance published in 2024 will focus on Medicare Advantage and nursing facilities. Subsequent guidance will focus on hospitals and clinical laboratories.
Read on for background and highlights of this guidance and recommended next steps for healthcare providers.
Deputy Attorney General Monaco Announces New DOJ Whistleblower Program
At the American Bar Association’s 39th National Institute on White Collar Crime on March 7, U.S. Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco provided updates on criminal enforcement efforts and announced new Department of Justice initiatives, including a new whistleblower program.
Read on for key insights into the DOJ’s recent efforts and developments in its enforcement strategy.
Off-Label “Free Speech” Theory Does Not Fly for Convicted Former Medical Device Executives in 1st Circuit
A federal appeals court recently upheld misdemeanor convictions of two former executives of Acclarent Inc, a medical device manufacturer, for commercially distributing an adulterated and misbranded medical device by misleading the FDA regarding the intended use of the device. In United States v. Facteau (89 F.4th 1 (1st Cir. 2023)) the First Circuit Court of Appeals rejected the duo’s claims that their off-label promotion amounted to constitutionally protected commercial speech, a legal theory that has previously gained some traction following the 2012 Second Circuit Court of Appeals decision in United States v. Caronia.
OIG’s New Compliance Guidance: 10 Action Items and Six Themes for Providers
On Nov. 6, 2023, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General (OIG) issued its General Compliance Program Guidance for healthcare providers and other industry stakeholders. The guidance follows OIG’s previous announcement about a modernization initiative and signifies a major update to OIG’s prior approach to providing guidance on effective compliance programs.
Read on for actionable steps healthcare providers should consider implementing in 2024, as well as key themes derived from the OIG document that should guide compliance efforts.
Life Sciences Companies Face Continuing Compliance Challenges in Developing Value-Based and Value-Added Models
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General recently issued Advisory Opinion 23-08, continuing its long-held position that the provision of value-added items and services implicates fraud and abuse laws, including the Federal Anti-Kickback Statute and the Beneficiary Inducement Civil Monetary Penalty law.
Read on to learn how manufacturers, distributors, and other life sciences companies that seek to improve outcomes by providing value-added items and services to their customers continue to face challenges in developing compliant models.
A Failed Constitutional Challenge to the AKS Safe Harbor Provision – More to come?
This past summer, in United States v. Booker, a North Carolina district court ruled against a challenge to the constitutionality of Congress’s delegation of authority to promulgate safe harbors to the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS). In filing a motion for acquittal, Defendant Donald Booker argued the AKS “Safe Harbor Provision,” which grants the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) the authority to exempt certain conduct from the “illegal remuneration” prohibitions of the AKS, violates the nondelegation doctrine. While Booker’s argument may appear paradoxical as, if successful, he would be prosecuted under the AKS without the protection of this safe harbor, the case raises an interesting example of a constitutional challenge to the AKS, which we may see more to come directly or with the FCA in the new year.
The Growing Causal Divide: But-For Causation in AKS/FCA Actions
In United States v. Regeneron, the District of Massachusetts Court recently joined the Sixth and Eighth Circuits in requiring the government to show a direct tie between kickbacks and referrals that proximately caused claims to federal healthcare programs to prevail in Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) and False Claims Act (FCA) actions. The District Court’s ruling contributes to the growing split between the Third Circuit, which requires a mere causal connection between kickbacks and referrals, and the Sixth and Eighth Circuits, which require but-for causation between the kickback and the federal claim. This split relates to the per se fraud clause added to the AKS in 2010, which provides “a claim that includes items or services resulting from a violation of this section constitutes a false or fraudulent claim” for purposes of the FCA. The specific causal connotation of the language “resulting from” is the core of the debate between circuits.